即三角函数中的一组恒等式: [1]










推导过程
对于(1)至(4),可用积化和差公式推导,也可以由和角公式得到,以下用和角公式证明之。
由和角公式有,


两式相加、减便可得到上面的公式(1)、(2),同理可证明公式(3)、(4)。
对于(5)、(6),有

对于(7)、(8)、(9)、(10),也可用类似的方法推出。
证毕。
下面不加推导地给出几个公式。对于正余弦平方的减法,同样有和差化积公式: [1]



和差化积公式的形式比较复杂,记忆中以下几个方面是难点,下面指出了各自的简单记忆方法。
如何只记两个公式甚至一个
我们可以只记上面四个公式的第一个和第三个。
第二个公式中的

,即

,这就可以用第一个公式。
同理,第四个公式中,

,这就可以用第三个公式解决。
如果对诱导公式足够熟悉,可以在运算时把余弦全部转化为正弦,那样就只记住第一个公式就行了。
用的时候想得起一两个就行了。
结果乘以2
这一点最简单的记忆方法是通过三角函数的值域判断。正弦和余弦的值域都是[-1,1],其积的值域也应该是[-1,1],而和差的值域却是[-2,2] ,因此乘以2是必须的。
也可以通过其证明来记忆,因为展开两角和差公式后,未抵消的两项相同而造成有系数2,如:

故最后需要乘以2。
只有同名三角函数能和差化积
无论是正弦函数还是余弦函数,都只有同名三角函数的和差能够化为乘积。这一点主要是根据证明记忆,因为如果不是同名三角函数,两角和差公式展开后乘积项的形式都不同,就不会出现相抵消和相同的项,也就无法化简下去了。
(一)
正加正,正在前,

余加余,余并肩。

正减正,余在前,

余减余,负正弦。

(反之亦然)
(二)
帅+帅=帅哥,

帅-帅=哥帅,

哥+哥=哥哥,

哥-哥=负嫂嫂。

(反之亦然)
(三)
口口之和仍口口,

赛赛之和赛口留,

口口之差负赛赛,

赛赛之差口赛收。

(四)
正和正在先,

正差正后迁,

余和一色余,

余差翻了天。

(五)
正弦加正弦,正弦在前面,

正弦减正弦,余弦在前面,

余弦加余弦,余弦全部见,

余弦减余弦,负正弦来见。

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转载请注明转自《三分钟记住和差化积公式》
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